Factors Affecting Organizational Structure Essay

A company’s organizational structure can determine its success or failure upon entry into the market. The decisions a small-business owner makes in choosing management and employee roles within the company help determine the organizational structure and can have a large influence on the culture within the business. If structure doesn’t reflect the owner’s business goals, employees may have a hard time working successfully for the company. Change management process Research-based, holistic model for managing the people side of changewww.change-management.com Size of Business As a small-business owner, the size of your company can have a significant influence on the organizational structure of your company. If you’re running a sole proprietorship with a few employees, you may not even need a well-defined organizational structure if you perform all the management functions of the business. A larger organization requires more structure to allow its different components to communicate effectively with one another. For example, a full-service restaurant requires a kitchen manager, floor manager, bar manager and general manager to run each division within the establishment and keep the employees in each division working to task. Stage of Development The stage of your company’s development can dictate its needs regarding organizational structure. The youth stage of a company’s life cycle emphasizes growth and the needs of the customer. This may require you as a business owner to develop an organizational structure around increased customer service, including a system to handle complaints and develop better service strategies. At this stage you’re still very much in control of the majority of the company’s day-to-day business decisions. By contrast, in the midlife stage of development, your company may require more levels of management to handle the growing departments with the company. Organizational structure may feel more mechanized with you as the owner somewhat removed from the day-to-day running of the company. Reflecting Organizational Culture The business culture you wish to project to your employees can dictate aspects of your company’s organizational structure. For example, a company with multiple redundancies in the management infrastructure may prize procedure- and rule-following, whereas a company with a more lax management approach may encourage a culture of personal ownership among employees. Each culture has its place and benefits. A construction or manufacturing company has greater need of organizational structure and redundancy in the management infrastructure than a law firm where employees are working independently under the loose rubric of senior partners in management roles. Overall Business Strategy How your company intends to enter the market and become successful can play a role in how you choose to set up its organizational structure. For example, an aggressive marketing and product-placement strategy may require multiple department heads to coordinate efforts and ensure no portion of the company’s larger plan lags behind the rest. Alternatively, a more methodical development strategy may require a smaller, more focused organizational structure, so you can actively monitor all the details of a plan and survey progress.

Benefits of Educational Trip Essay

Firstly, the educational trip increase the knowledge of student because there is a lot of knowledge that students cannot found it on textbook. Beside that, the location of educational trip also normally never been visited by the students. The students are also been encouraged to write down some information of the places that visited. So, this also make the students had a long lasting of the knowledge of the places visited. Secondly, the educational trip facilitate the learning process because there is changing of study environment for student compare to the classroom. The trip also can solve the problem of student in learning like bored feeling when studying especially for those subject that needed the highly attention from the students. So, the students will become more effective in learning through the educational trip. Thirdly, the educational trip also provide a special experience for students that cannot found in book or trade with money. For sure this experience will also improve the effect of the learning. Beside that, teacher also can use this chance to apply moral value among the students. The moral value is important to students so that they can be a disciplined excellent student. Beside can taking good care of school name, this moral value that applied also useful when they step into the community. Fourthly, the educational trip also make the student more diligent in learning. For some students, they need a real study environment to improve their learning skill. So, the educational trip that provides a learning materialization will improve the learning outcome for the students. Beside that, the educational trip also provides some interesting place for students to relax after they study for a long period in a classroom. For the example, the places like forest will make students feel like close to nature and this will reduce their pressure and give piece of mind for them. Lastly, the educational trip strengthen ties with fellow classmate. Normally, the trip is spent with own families. So the educational trip give the chance for students to know each other better. Within this, the students can have a lot of friends that can help in study and the other thing. For the example study in group and this will make the learning effect with become better then study alone.

A Critique Of Inside The Brain Essay

, Research Paper A review of the book: Inside The Brain The first thing that must be said for the book Inside The Brain, is that it made for really easy reading. Even though the book concerns itself with some subjects that, easy, can be confounding due to their proficient or medical nature, the text flows easy. The book was written to be read, non to be a mention or text edition. The content of this well written book was besides first rate. The beginnings quoted in the book were rather impressive, and the research that went into the undertaking was seemingly rather thorough as good. There is information contained in this book that should be had by all. If all prospective parents were to be given a transcript of this book, and if they were to really read it, the hereafter of our state, and our universe for that affair, would be a much brighter one. Some of the points made, including the demand for kids to be stimulated mentally get downing at an early age, are important. Armed with this information, any parent would be probably to pass more clip with their kids in an attempt to guarantee their ultimate success in life. It is a parent # 8217 ; s duty and duty to supply their kids with the strongest mental armament available in order to come in the rational battleground that will be their hereafter. Those who are non decently intellectually prepared for life will fall to the underside of the socioeconomic strata. They will populate a life of discord including deficient instruction, deficient wellness, substandard wealth, and substandard kids. This will perpetuate a rhythm of this type of individual from coevals to coevals. The writer of the book seems to concentrate on the immediateness of the job through the usage of some really startling statistics. His deduction is that if something is non done to do parents better at the ma nner they prepare their kids for the hereafter, we, as a society, will necessitate to be constructing many more prisons in order to manage the overpowering sum of social misfits that we will be bring forthing. The book does travel on to supply some hope for tomorrow every bit good as fright. The latter chapters focus more on the organic structure # 8217 ; s abilities to mend and mend the encephalon and head. Much attending is given to possible interventions and therapies for those enduring from enfeebling hurts and diseases. Along with explicating how the encephalon and associated tissue can mend themselves, many new avenues of intervention are discussed. Again these issues can be, due to their really proficient and scientific nature, really obfuscated with tech nical slang. Kotulak does an first-class occupation of avoiding these booby traps and delivers the intended information with every bit small immaterial proficient slang and academic prose as possible. He does non exclude necessary information, but instead he explains briefly and compactly what is being referenced. This once more makes the book educational piece at the same clip makes it an gratifying book to read. The lone defects that gave a sense of uncertainty to the content of the book can non be attributed to the writer but to some of his beginnings. Many of his beginnings, while being quoted, appeared to be back-pedaling from their finds. After any mentions to a specific racial group or ethnicity, in footings of correlational informations, were made, the quoted person seemed to add a statement intended to further a feeling of political rightness. This seems incorrect from a scientific position. When a scientist completes a survey, the informations can talk for itself. Equally long as the methods used for the survey are clearly outlined, the scientist should experience no duty to explicate the consequences of his survey in footings of political rightness. It is possible that these statements were made in order to forestall any feeling of animus from being directed toward the scientific community by any one ethnic or racial group. Other than this one spot of take awaying information, the book itself was great. Tax dollars would be good spent by supplying a transcript of this book to every citizen of the state. Baring that, it should be made standard issue to all parents taking their neonates place from the infirmary. A few hours spent reading this book, could assist parents raise a kid who could transcend all outlooks. The information contained in this book implies that a kid # 8217 ; s hereafter mentality is non predicated by his parents # 8217 ; familial make-up. A kid could excel the successes of his parents if his parents give him the right start in life. After all, is it non the dream of all parents to do their kid # 8217 ; s life better than their ain, in every bit many ways as possible. The book besides offers hope to the many victims of encephalon hurts and their households. Stoping short of denoting a remedy for these medical catastrophes, the writer offers hope in the signifier of many new discoveries in the countries of pharmacotherapies and encephalon imagination. The ultimate feeling that the writer of this book leaves his readers with is a sense of hopefulness, and if one accepts some of the premises of this book, everyone who reads it is, to some extent, better off merely for holding read it and holding exercised their head.

American History Since 1865 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History Since 1865 - Essay Example It was partly successful in doing so for some years but the future events showed that the treaty was a complete failure. The harsh terms of the treaty instilled a desire for revenge in the hearts of Germans and promoted the rise of Nazism which ultimately led to the Second World War. 2. The primary issues of the Scope Trial were education and science v. religion. What were the broader social implications? What did this trial reveal about the American public at the time? How are these issues relevant today? The Scopes trial primarily represented a conflict between science and religion, but it had broader social implications. It triggered a debate on social issues like liberalism, freedom of speech and censorship. The fact that Dayton received massive support across the country even after he was convicted guilty was a clear indication that the American public favored freedom. People favored modernism and liberalism and the freedom of choice over conservative ideology. Regarding any con troversial topic, the general public was of the opinion it should only be a matter of personal choice about what is right. The Scopes trial took place years ago but the issue is still fresh in the present era. The public still debates on the issue of freedom over topics like abortion, gay marriages and sex education in schools. Works Cited Bailey, Thomas, Lizabeth Cohen and David M Kennedy. The American Pageant- Vol. II.

The Rule of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Rule of Law - Essay Example There some theorists and researchers who have written about the rule of law lately. In this essay we deal mainly with two of such writers: Brian Z. Tamanaha and Rachel Kleinfeld Belton. We have chosen their papers as our source material because their points of view seem to be rigorous and comprehensive in the different facets of the rule of law that they talked about. Tamanaha does his best to be epistemic when dealing with the rule of law as a general principle that it is often misunderstood while Belton does her best to find a proper definition of what we mean by rule of law as she is completely aware of the generalised state of confusion about this term. Both writers shed light on this topic, and their insights are very useful in order to get an adequate understanding of the rule of law as a fundamental principle that should be taken into account with a sense of commitment and responsibility not only by government officials, politicians, lawmakers or law people, but by everyone in any society at any time. Nobody is exempt from the rule of law, so everybody has to worry about it. "The rule of law is fundamental to the western democratic order. ... in the case of Proclamations (1610) 77 ER 1352: 'The King himself ought not to be subject to man, but subject to God and the law, because the law makes him King'. (Cooray, 1995). This last assertion is quite bold and brings with it the idea of sovereignty. It can be misinterpreted like the concept of the free will of man. When we analyse carefully the Bible, as it is the Westerne standard as its sacred book, we will clearly see that there is not free will, but free agency. This means that man is not free to act as he pleases, but man is free to act according to the design of his own limited nature. So man is still responsible and accountable for his own deeds before God and man. The same happens with any sovereign who is supposed to act under the duty and the call of the law. Why Plainly because the law is the mechanism that makes him sovereign, that makes him king. Dr. Cooray keeps on analysing the rule of law with the following statements: "The rule of law in its modern sense owes a great deal to the late Professor AV Dicey. Professor Dicey's writings about the rule of law are of enduring significance. The essential characteristic of the rule of law are: i. The supremacy of law, which means that all persons (individuals and government) are subject to law. ii. A concept of justice which emphasises interpersonal adjudication, law based on standards and the importance of procedures. iii. Restrictions on the exercise of discretionary power. iv. The doctrine of judicial precedent. v. The common law methodology. vi. Legislation should be prospective and not retrospective. vii. An independent judiciary. viii. The exercise by Parliament of the legislative power and restrictions on exercise of legislative power by the executive. ix. An underlying moral

Research paper of fish Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of fish - Research Paper Example Pacific cod is more abundant than Atlantic cod thus should be preferred as an alternative. When available, cod caught with long lines, as a preferable technique, should offer a better choice which in turn minimizes harm to the ecosystem. Certified organic farmed cod can also be used as a suitable option. A total of $150 million in relief has been set aside for the New England fishermen and two other fishing areas included in an early vision of the Hurricane Sandy relief bill that passed to reduce on the cod fishing. (Kurlansky p,356)This was done to offer alternatives to farmers who plunged into the sea and made 100 trips so that they reduce the trips made in the sea so as to allow regeneration of the cod fish stocks. Introduction and proliferation of equipment and technology led to the increase of landed fish. These new technologies affected the cod fish populations as they increased the area and depth they were fished the catching of uneconomical species of fish thus depleting the stocks of important predator and prey species. The cod fishery had thrived for hundreds of years before overfishing set in as a result of poor management systems that depleted the stocks so greatly that led to the collapse of the industry. In 1992, more than 35,000 people lost their jobs due to the disappearance of the cod fish thus leaving them at a state of despair. ( Cod Jigging Report in 2006-2011) Due to the great cod fish populations, the fishery was sustainable as the cod fish was seasonal thus there could be regeneration of the stocks. The fishing trends and demands in the market played a major role in its collapse due to the overfishing that ensued and poor management thus leading to its collapse. The farmed versions content of the feed has changed as well. Forage fish provides two essential products: fish meal, for protein, and fish oil, for omega-3 fatty acids which is a suitable alternative to the fish. The different environmental conditions, food requirements for the wi ld fish and the nature of the environment hinder the domestication of the wild fish. (Rose p,146)Wild fish require specific temperatures and conditions that would favor their growth and reproduction and also specific food to sustain their development and this cannot be provided in a domestic environment limiting their production in a domestic setting. The presence or absence of the cod in the ecosystem impacts the pelagic fish, the herring to the zooplankton and phytoplankton through a â€Å"trophic cascade.† The presence of cod can therefore decrease the intensity of the local alga blooms. What other species are affected by its decline? There is little hope as there is slow recovery of the cod stocks due to inadequate food supplies, cooling of the North Atlantic and poor genetic stock due to the overfishing of larger cod. Recent studies reveal that recovery of cod stocks are showing promises of resurgence, despite earlier thoughts of complete collapse. Severity of the collap se of the cod fishery can only be equated to the large populations that lost their livelihoods: estimated 35,000 fishers, were left unemployed. Though there was a smooth intervention by the government to save the situation through a program known as Northern Cod Adjustment and Recovery Program and later through the Atlantic Ground fish strategy. (DISCHNER) There is increased economic diversification, emphasis on education and emergence of a thriving

Texas Government analytical research paper Essay

Texas Government analytical research paper - Essay Example Some would say that it is fear that makes them forgo any sense of reason, or rational, when they decide that this is their only best option in their quest to enter the country through any means. Through the mainstream news media, the immigration debate is a hotly discussed topic and is ever more so during election time. Observation would note that the states that see the biggest influx of immigration include California, Arizona, New Mexico and lastly Texas. During election time, politicians set out to achieve the highest office in the land and parade about the country, all the while detailing how they and they alone can fix the ailments for the country and its people. With two of the biggest political contests also being two of the states that deal with immigration issues on a daily basis, immigration itself has grown into one of the biggest discussed issues during both the primaries, as well as the general election cycle. With Americans nervous on a daily basis about their own job security and the welfare of their families, the illegal immigration debate is something that they take very personally. As the 2008 Presidential election continues, it is imperative to observe how the mainstream candidates plan to conquer this problem. The best way to do that is to not only listen to their public speeches on the matter, but to also observe their written statements, or "agendas", that are published on their online campaign websites. Most would argue that this election year is a year of firsts. Either the first woman President, the first African American President, or the oldest ever elected President will be the result of this election year. Hillary Rodham Clinton has been in the political mindset for many going back to her husband's 1992 Presidential campaign. After her husband left office in 2001, she began a career in the United Sates Senate as a representative for the citizens of New York. Even before she officially entered the race, many had contemplated and theorized as to when, if ever, Mrs. Clinton would in fact fun for the highest elected office in the nation. After looking at the mainstream candidates who are working tirelessly to achieve the highest office in the land, it is also important to assess the methods which are being taken by the local, as well as state level government, to go about the issue of immigration. Before doing so, one would have to understand the costs of the illegal immigration to the citizens of the state of Texas. To do that, the group FAIR, or the Federation for American Immigration Reform, in their online report writes that, "Analysis of the latest Census data indicates Texas's illegal immigrant population is costing the state's taxpayers more than 4.7 billion per year for education, medical care, and incarceration. Even if the estimated tax contributions of illegal immigrant workers are subtracted, net outlays still amount to more than 3.7 billion per year. The annual fiscal burden amounts to $725 per Texas household headed by a native-born resident," ("FAIR" p.1). An idea to be brought forward to the bargaining table would be the introduction of new laws to deal with the issue of illegal immigration and its impact of native citizens. As another state that deals with the issue of illegal immigrants within its own borders, the California-based newspaper the San Francisco Chronicle, in an article written

Roles and Governance Models Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Roles and Governance Models - Research Paper Example The roles are disintegrated for each professional and have to execute it diligently to ensure that the project becomes a success. The basic role of a software engineer is to build and develop software according to the specifications that will serve the purpose as documented in paper work. When a project is proposed, it is always in a paper work, it then calls for a software engineer to interpret the information by programming (Dickens, 2006). Through programming language, the software engineer is able to come up with a system that does exactly what is proposed in the paper work. The engineer must be good in data structures and algorithms for this stage of the project to successfully be realized. The software is varied and only conforms to the purpose to which it is planned; a software engineer must therefore be good in programming to produce quality work. A system architect plays more or less the same role as software engineer; he is responsible for the development of the design of the software given that he understands best the customer’s specifications. Software must be designed first before actually it is developed, the analogy here is the plan of the hours, the architect has to draw the plan of the house before engineer can come in, the same principles applies in the development of the software. System analyst is a guru in the development of software and that is why they are able to work out architectural design of very complex systems for the developers to execute the remaining development. In this regard, it explains how close the team operates in the achievement of the purpose (Dickens, 2006). Business analyst is responsible for the dealing with the customers to identify the taste of the customers so that he can provide specification of the software project. Business analyst is responsible for knowing what the customers want so that he is able to provide the same

Separation of Mixtures of Solids Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Separation of Mixtures of Solids - Lab Report Example As can be seen, the total weight of the mixture’s components after separation was less than the initial weight of the mixture. Specifically, a total of 39% of the weights were lost during the experiment. The calculation of which is elaborated below. CALCULATIONS The calculation of the percent loss was as follows: CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION As demonstrated, separation of a mixture of solids into its components can be done by taking advantage of the innate differences of the characteristics of each of the components. Iron is the only metal component of the four, and this was taken advantage of in the use of magnet. By exposing the mixture to the magnet, it was ensured that only iron fillings would be able to attach to the magnet. On the other hand, unlike sand, benzoic acid and salt are both water soluble, and their solubility was increased by heating the solvent, ensuring that benzoic acid and salt can be dissolved. Next, since benzoic acid is less soluble than salt, it crystallized at cooler temperatures of the aqueous solution. The salt was then transformed back to its solid form by allowing water to evaporate (Masterton and Hurley, 2004). QUESTIONS A. How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? In my proposed procedure, I planned to separate the salt and benzoic acid instead by adding water and boiling the mixture. The resulting solution will then be cooled to precipitate out the benzoic acid, and the remaining liquid will be allowed to evaporate until only the salt remains. To the remaining mixture of supposedly iron and sand, it will be exposed to a magnet to attract the iron and leave the sand behind. B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. Although the principle is the same, I feel that my proposed flowchart poses some disadvantages as that compared to the instructions. First, boiling water may have corrosive effects on the iron, making them weak enough to break into pieces that may contaminate the sand that will remain after all the separation techniques. Second, the weight of the iron may be overestimated, as it may get wet because of the exposure to liquid that might not be totally dried out during the procedure. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? Sand, especially when it is composed mostly of clay, tends to sip in water that may add onto the weight of the sand. D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment? What I think mostly contributed to the relatively large percentage loss was the weighing. Probably, a few particles remained on the weighing dish every time weighing was done during the experiment. Thus, all of the components were most likely underestimated in this experiment. Other sources of error include not completely drying out the water before weighing the solids; not complete ly magnetizing out the iron, overestimating the weight of sand; not completely precipitating out benzoic acid when the benzoic acid + salt solution is exposed to cooler temperatures, thus underestimating the weight of benzoic acid and overestimating the weight of salt; and not completely evaporating the fluid, thus overestimating the weight of salt. References Masteron, W. L. and Hurley, C. N. (2004). Chemistry: Principles and Reactions. 4th ed.

Computer Aided Process Planning Essay Example for Free

Computer Aided Process Planning Essay Process Planning Products and their components are designed to perform certain specific functions. Every product has some design specifications which ensure its functionality aspects. The task of manufacturing is to produce components such that they meet design specifications. Process planning acts as a bridge between design and manufacturing by translating design specifications into manufacturing process details. It refers to a set of instructions that are used to make a component or a part so that the design specifications are met, therefore it is major determinant of manufacturing cost and profitability of products. Process planning answers the questions regarding required information and activities involved in transforming raw materials into a finished product. The process starts with the selection of raw material and ends with the completion of part. The development of process plans involves mainly a set of following activities; †¢Analysis of part requirements †¢Selection of raw workpiece †¢Selection of manufacturing operations and their sequences †¢Selection of machine tools †¢Selection of tools, tool holding devices, work holding devices and inspection equipments †¢Selection of manufacturing conditions i. e. cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. †¢Determination of manufacturing times (2) The manual experience-based planning method The manual experience-based process planning is most widely used. It is mainly based on a manufacturing engineers experience and knowledge of production facilities, equipment, their capabilities, processes, and tooling. The major problem with this approach is that it is time consuming and developed plans may not be consistent and optimum. The feasibility of developed process plan is dependant on many factors such as availability of machine tools, scheduling and machine allocation etc. Computer aided process planning is developed to overcome this problems to some extent.

Causes and Impacts of Inflation on Developing Countries

Causes and Impacts of Inflation on Developing Countries Introduction Economic development in low developed countries is a contested argument amongst economists, all of which are looking for the best way to enact economic growth. The discussion surrounds whether stable monetary policy will encourage economic development by encouraging foreign direct investment or will currency depreciation and inflation create the right environment for exports growth and thus economic growth? This essay will discuss the causes of inflation and its repercussions for economic growth in developing nations. The argument for monetary stability and its repercussions for economic development will also be discussed. The scenario surrounding the Asian financial crisis will be used at the conclusion of the essay to illustrate the finer points in the argument for monetary stability as a means to economic development. The Causes of Inflation Krugman and Obstfeld define inflation as the increase of prices of goods[1]. There are arguably many causes of inflation; it is a complex combination of many macroeconomic variables that work together to increase the price of consumer goods in a developing economy. Shamsul, Shyam and Kamath discuss, there are two dominant hypotheses regarding the causes of inflation; the monetarist hypothesis and the structuralist hypothesis. The monetarist hypothesis refers to an increase in the money supply which in turn causes an increase in the price of goods and the structuralist hypothesis refers to structural characteristics of a developing economy creating inflation including the nature of the tax system, foreign exchange restraints, the budgetary process, the nature of the labour market and administered prices. All result in a devaluation of domestic currency on a global currency market[2]. The forces that result in an increase in the money supply or a devaluation of domestic currency agains t foreign currency will discussed. Common economic theory states that liberalisation of financial and capital markets in developing countries results in growth and stability in those countries. However Chakraborty discusses how unrestrained opening up of an economy can result in a foreign exchange crisis. That an inflow of foreign currency through investment and fixed exchange rates will result in higher reserves in the central base, which in turn results in more money existing in the economy which causes inflation. Inflation thus can be seen as a cause of the devaluation of a domestic currency on global money markets[3]. Developing countries will often use an export oriented economic strategy to increase growth. Devaluations of a domestic currency will make exports look more attractive on foreign markets; hence governments will try and keep exchange rates down. Chakraborty continues that as prices continue to rise the demand for money similarly rises by domestic residents. It is common for residents to sell foreign b onds in order to buy local currency, which in turn puts pressure on the currency to appreciate. In order to undermine this scenario banks will sell local currency and buy foreign reserves to counteract the appreciation of the exchange rate due to the increased demand. This scenario has a cyclical effect and will in turn increase the money supply and inflation[4]. The situation surrounding a floating exchange rate can be quite different. Chakraborty discusses how liberalising the capital market will attract capital inflows from foreign investors which will increase the money supply, but will however appreciate the exchange rate. This type of policy will usually be accompanied by a contractual monitory policy that will increase demand for money and increase the interest rate. The increased interest rate will further attract capital inflows and further appreciate the exchange rate. An appreciated currency will be less attractive on foreign markets thus export demand will decrease and imports will increase, deteriorating the balance of trade deficit[5]. Large foreign debts result in a higher risk of financial instability. Inflation and currency devaluations have been a common problem in the history of developing nations. Instability in prices and foreign exchange rates discourages lenders in richer countries from investing in poorer markets due to the threat of losing money in a financial crisis or currency devaluation. Krugman et al discuss how richer nations protect themselves against this risk by insisting that poorer countries repay their loans in the lenders currency. A transfer of wealth can be directed towards foreign lenders in the event of currency devaluation as it raises the local currency valuation of the debt. This scenario can lead to developing countries inability to repay foreign debts and sometimes in default[6]. Inflation can be a result of external factors in a global economy including contagion from other trading partners. Cheng and Tan discuss that although domestic factors are important determinants of inflation, they are often not as important as price volatility being transmitted from one country to another. In the case of Malaysia, interactions in the form of trade resulted in a causality of inflation from other ASEAN nations to inflation in Malaysia[7]. This form of contagion can be very influential for a developing country liberalizing its financial and capital markets in a global economy. Instability and inflation can lead to speculation which in turn can lead to financial crisis. Krugman et al discusses contagion as the vulnerability of developing economies to suffer a loss of confidence in their financial markets which can cripple even the healthiest economies. Speculation regarding the devaluation of a local currency can result in investors pulling out of their investments (which now must be paid in the lenders currency), selling all the local currency (which has a further devaluing effect) and leaving the country with a large foreign debt. Speculation can be contagious as was seen in the Asian financial crisis where devaluation of the Thai Baht was followed by similar speculation surrounding other Asian currencies including that of Indonesia and Malaysia and eventually resulted in full financial crisis[8]. Controlling Inflation and Stabilising an Economy Methods used to counteract heavy speculation and financial instability includes information transparency. Ferreira de Mendonca and Filho discuss increasing information transparency as implying a fall in inflation bias and inflation volatility. Anxiety regarding inflationary pressures can be controlled through forecasts being released by the central banks of developing nations making policy and macroeconomic performance more predictable. There is evidence that economic transparency can reduce inflation and lower interest rates thus improving the conduction of monetary policy[9]. Wagner discusses inflation as being regarded as the signal of bad policy and political and economic instability. The variables are the relevant locational factors that determine the attractiveness of economies for investment. A loss in investors and mobile factors of production such as technology transfer and knowledge results in loss of potential production and potential output and hence growth. Local residents suffer through an increase in unemployment and a decrease in productivity[10]. Local economies become more unstable as a consequence. It can now be deduced that managing exchange rates is paramount to controlling inflation in developing countries. Wagner discusses two methods of managing exchange rates in order to control inflation; the ‘hard peg’ option and the floating currency option. The term ‘hard peg’ refers to the currency boards, where monetary policy autonomy is completely given up. Hard peg exchange rate regimes have gathered a lot of interests for developing economies over recent years as currency crises are not possible under the hard peg system. There are certain preconditions for an economy that need to be present in order for a hard peg to be possible. The recipient developing nation must have a developed, well supervised and regulated financial system; the rule of law; fiscal discipline; and wage and price flexibility. Many emerging nations lack these preconditions and hence are unable to sustain a hard peg[11]. Boyd and Smith suggest that low inflation is the central objective of developing economies in their efforts to enact economic growth. Growth is seen as having an inverse relationship to inflation and thus must be kept as low as possible. Developing countries in the Caribbean such as the Bahamas have been successful in lowering inflation and stabilising the exchange rate through using a currency board as part of their institutional structure. The currency board ties the monetary policy of the constituent countries and provides disciplinary controls on monetary and fiscal policy which in turn provides stability in their output. All the countries in the currency union experienced persistence however low rates of inflation and low variability in inflation rates therefore could be considered stable and an acceptable monetary policy performance[12]. Wagner further postulates that a floating exchange rate is similarly effective in controlling high inflation. Despite anxiety that a floating exchange rate will result in an unstable currency, floating exchange rates can be used to attract foreign investment and thus appreciate the value of the currency. Interest rate and intervention policies can be used to influence the behaviour of the exchange rate and reduce the negative effects of speculation[13]. A floating exchange rate can be flexible enough to encourage investment through appreciation however encourage exports through devaluation provided controls are in place to ward off speculative attacks. Maskooki shows Mexcio as having successfully implemented a floating exchange rate in order to control inflation. It reduced the value of the peso by gradual and frequent currency adjustments in reaction to market conditions. The slow depreciation of the peso made exports more attractive overseas and was offset by the liberalization of the capital market which was attractive to foreign investors. The combination of the two had a balancing effect on inflation and exchange rates and thus encouraged stability of prices. This had made the external market less exposed to unexpected shocks[14]. Through economic stabilization Mexico is now less vulnerable to investment reversal and thus less vulnerable to financial crisis. Stable inflation rates and exchanges rates send positive signals to global financial markets of positive financial policy in developing countries. Good corporate governance has the reflexive ability to create the positive economic environment to control inflation and also the positive outcome of successful monetary policy. Arsoy and Crowther comment that mandatory corporate governance can be achieved through the creation of capital markets in which transparency, accountability, responsibility and fairness are understood by both investors and shareholders[15]. Transparency being the proponent for fighting speculative attacks by reducing risks associated with investing in developing countries. Krugman et al discuss that governments of developing countries must create a stable environment through reducing the risk of inflation and protecting property rights in order to encourage economic growth. In protecting property rights they encourage private enterprise, investment, innovation and ultimately economic stability[16]. The conditions for economic stabilization feed off each other – stabilization encourages investment which in turn encourages more stabilization. Nsouli, Rached and Funke discuss the control of inflation as paramount to the success of any domestic economy. Here again price can be seen as a signal of economic health as price liberalization is essential for the efficient allocation of resources within and across sectors of the economy. Without a rational price system, profit and losses alone cannot signal what industries should expand and which ones should shrink. In both transition and developing economies, price liberalization led to a rapid increase in the availability of products for consumer use[17]. The Asian Financial Crisis The countries of the Asian economic boom in the mid 1990’s are a perfect example of how unstable monetary policy can bring even the most impressively growing economy down. Krugman et al tells us the Asian tigers were initially South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan and then Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia later joined the group. They had achieved incredible rates of growth through high savings and investment rates, improving education levels amongst the work force and by liberalising trade or at least a high level of openness and integration with global markets. The Asian tigers were gaining popularity as an investment opportunity as restrictions on capital inflows were lifted. However all this investment was leading to large deficits and would eventually result in financial demise[18]. Krugman et al continues that starting with the depreciation of the Thai Baht, a chain reaction of events brought the Asian miracle into financial crisis. A sharp drop in the value of the Baht as it was left to float after being pegged to the American dollar brought about speculative attacks on the currencies of its neighbours Malaysia and Indonesia and eventually South Korea. All countries had large foreign debts mostly in American dollars and as a result were facing increasing values on these debts due to the decreasing exchange rate. Many debts in Asia had the power to push banks and viable companies into bankruptcy as a result of exchange rates spirally out of control[19]. The Asian financial crisis was seen as a self perpetuating scenario based around speculative attacks on currency valuations. Lee argues that as soon as a currency peg is seen as non-defensible market participants expect that the market will move in one direction and in fact it does. Once the expectation sets in collective action takes hold (in this case investors pull out of their investments) and the result can inflict financial ruin on whole economies[20]. The Asian miracle had come to an abrupt end. Krugman further discusses the cause of such violent economic collapse can be seen through bad government policy. In Thailand and Indonesia ‘crony capitalism’ was the source of a lot of poor investment decisions. The sons and daughters of royalty or prominent politicians were the recipients of a lot of investment money regardless of the legitimacy of the project resulting in considerable moral hazard in lending. The regulatory system was ill equipped to deal with companies in danger of bankruptcy or to foster quality investments in the economy that would count towards real growth[21]. As a result the first sign of instability caused foreign investors to pull out of investments and leave the economy in crisis. The act of stabilising an economy is a complex process involving effectively monitoring the potentially volatile variables of an economy. Wagner discusses economic stability as being created through strengthening domestic banking and financial systems; providing better information and policy transparency; strengthening corporate finance, including bankruptcy laws and their implementation; taking precautions against potential capital flow reversals; and last but not least, building packages of sound macroeconomic and exchange rate policies[22]. Although the situation in South East Asia has improved over the years since the financial crisis, Low tells us that many questions still remain in Asia regarding their economic stability for the future, for example, whether effective democratic checks-and-balances in the political system, legal, judicial and institutional processes can help reinforce the moral economy[23]. It is fare to say that controlling inflation is but the tip of the ice b urg when stabilizing a developing nation’s growth. Conclusion Inflation and economic instability are a common problem for low developed countries trying to establish themselves in global markets. Inflation and currency depreciation are fundamental signals to wealthier nations that a local market is too big a risk to invest in thus leaving development and growth stagnant in those countries. Price stability on the other hand can signal to potential investors that a local financial market has strong monetary policy, that exchange rates can be controlled and that the local business environment is encouraging to growth. Countries with unstable monetary policy are vulnerable to speculative attacks from market participants as can be seen in the case of the Asian Financial crisis. Pegging local currencies to stronger currencies such as the United States dollar can result in devastation if markets forecast a currency will be overvalued. Contagion can result in a chain reaction of events that brings trading partners into similar financial crisis. Althoug h devaluing a currency can make exports more attractive on foreign markets it can also discourage foreign direct investment from investing due to the high incidence of default on foreign debt. Mechanisms have been designed to control factors such as inflation and encourage foreign investment by richer nations. A floating currency or a currency board can be used effectively to stabilise exchange rates and thus control the flow of funds in and out of a local market. Good corporate governance including transparency of monetary policy can be used to reduce the risk of speculation and forecast inflationary activity. Political stability also needs to be created through effective regulatory systems on financial and capital markets including bankruptcy laws and laws preventing capital flight in the face of financial crisis. Reference List Arsoy, A.P, Crowther, D (2008) â€Å"Corporate Governance in Turkey: Reform and Convergence,† Social Responsibility Journal, vol.4, iss.3 pp.407-422 Boyd, D Smith, R (2006) â€Å"Monetary Regimes and Inflation in 12 Caribbean Countries,† Journal of Economic Studies, vol.33, iss.2, pp.96-108 Chakraborty, D (1999) â€Å"Macroeconomic conditions and Opening Up – Argentina, Chile and India: A Comparative Study,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol.26, iss.1/2/3, pp.298 -311 Cheng, M.U. Tan, H.B. (2002) â€Å"Inflation In Malaysia,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol.29, iss.5, pp.411-426 Ferreira, H Filho, J.S (2007) â€Å"Economic Transparency and Effectiveness of Monetary Policy† Journal of Economic Studies, vol.34, iss.6, pp.497-515 Krugman, P.R. Obstfeld, M. (2005). International economics: Theory and policy (7th ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley Longman Lee, J.Y. (2007) â€Å"Foreign Portfolio Investors and Financial Sector Stability in Asia,† Asian Survey, vol.47, iss.6 pp.850-871 Low, L (2006) â€Å"A Putative East Asian Business Model,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 33, no.7 pp. 512-528 Maskooki, K (2002) â€Å"Mexico’s 1994 Peso Crisis and its Aftermath,† European Business Review, vol.14, no.3, pp.161-169 Nsouli, S.M Rached, M Funke, N (2005) â€Å"The Speed of Adjustment and the Sequencing of Economic Reforms: Issues and Guidelines for Policy Makers,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol.32, no.9, pp.740 766 Shamsul, A Shyam, A Kamath, J (1986) â€Å"Models and Forecasts of Inflation in a Developing Economy,† Journal of Economic Studies, vol.13, iss.4, pp.3-30 Wagner, H (2005) â€Å"Globalisation and Financial Instability: Challenges for Exchange Rate and Monetary Policy,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 32, iss.7, pp.616-639. 1 Footnotes [1] Krugman, P.R. Obstfeld, M. (2005). International economics: Theory and policy (7th ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley Longman. [2] Shamsul, A Shyam, A Kamath, J (1986) â€Å"Models and Forecasts of Inflation in a Developing Economy,† Journal of Economic Studies, vol.13, iss.4, pp.3-30 [3] Chakraborty, D (1999) â€Å"Macroeconomic conditions and Opening Up – Argentina, Chile and India: A Comparative Study,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol.26, iss.1/2/3, pp.298 -311 [4] Chakraborty (pp.298 – 311) [5] Chakraborty (pp.298 – 311) [6] Krugman et al (pg.615) [7] Cheng, M.U. Tan, H.B. (2002) â€Å"Inflation In Malaysia,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol.29, iss.5, pp.411-426 [8] Krugman et al (pg.623) [9] Ferreira, H Filho, J.S (2007) â€Å"Economic Transparency and Effectiveness of Monetary Policy† Journal of Economic Studies, vol.34, iss.6, pp.497-515 [10] Wagner, H (2005) â€Å"Globalisation and Financial Instability: Challenges for Exchange Rate and Monetary Policy,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 32, iss.7, pp.616-639. [11] Wagner (pp.616-639) [12] Boyd, D Smith, R (2006) â€Å"Monetary Regimes and Inflation in 12 Caribbean Countries,† Journal of Economic Studies, vol.33, iss.2, pp.96-108 [13] Wagner (pp.616-639) [14] Maskooki, K (2002) â€Å"Mexico’s 1994 Peso Crisis and its Aftermath,† European Business Review, vol.14, no.3, pp.161-169 [15] Arsoy, A.P, Crowther, D (2008) â€Å"Corporate Governance in Turkey: Reform and Convergence,† Social Responsibility Journal, vol.4, iss.3 pp.407-422 [16] Krugman et al (pg. 634) [17] Nsouli, S.M Rached, M Funke, N (2005) â€Å"The Speed of Adjustment and the Sequencing of Economic Reforms: Issues and Guidelines for Policy Makers,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol.32, no.9, pp.740 766 [18] Krugman et al (pg.620) [19] Krugman et al (pg. 623) [20] Lee, J.Y. (2007) â€Å"Foreign Portfolio Investors and Financial Sector Stability in Asia,† Asian Survey, vol.47, iss.6 pp.850-871 [21] Krugman et al (pg.622) [22] Wagner (pp.616-639) [23] Low, L (2006) â€Å"A Putative East Asian Business Model,† International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 33, no.7 pp. 512-528

Ode On Grecian Urn and Sailing To Byzantium :: Sailing To Byzantium Essays

Ode On Grecian Urn and Sailing To Byzantium When you go to bed you see that it is dark outside, but when you wake you see light. The light and dark of the day is very dissent, but they are very closely related. Dark and light are the fares things from each other, while you can't have light without dark meeting. In the "Ode on a Grecian Urn" and "Sailing to Byzantium" we see these differences. The difference in the "Ode on Grecian Urn" and " Sailing to Byzantium" are very distinctive especially in the themes of art verses nature in the battle between immortality. "Sailing to Byzantium" has themes such as art verses nature while "Ode on a Grecian Urn" relies mainly on the battle of immortality in life. This can also be said about "Sailing to Byzantium." We will start with "Sailing to Byzantium to show the strive for immortality. This theme of immortality as I go thoughtout this poem: "That is no country for old men. The young in one other arms, bids in the tree. Those dying generations of their song." (1,2,3) Imortality hit you in the face start off these lines. It talks about old becoming young and birds and trees. This makes you think of spring and vegetation and animals and life. Yates uses vivified examples such as "An Aged Man is but a patty thing, a tattered coat upon a stick." (9,10) Yates is describing a scarecrow or what you might call death. He also talks about a maniacal bird in lines thirty and thirty-one. This is something that isn't dying and will go on forever. These two images life and death help insure the complexity of these poems. The images of life and death is also repesented in Keats "Ode on a Grecian Urn." "What leap-fringd Latin haults about they shap of deities or mortials or both." (5,6) As you can see through reading these lines life and death are big aspects in this poem. One the other side this poem is very different from Sailing to Byzantium." In "Ode on a Grecian Urn" there is just one aspect that is really representatives here. This aspect of death is talked about so vivialy in this poem. Keats talks about death all through this poem. "Through winning Near the Goal-yet do not greive, she can not save, through threw has not the bliss."(18,19) When you die you fade away. This tone is all through this poem. Death is a huge aspect and a way of life. The vivid way that keats talks about

Correlation between 8th grade mathematic CMT scores and mathematic CAPT

Correlation between 8th grade mathematic CMT scores and mathematic CAPT scores Introduction: Standardized testing, specifically â€Å"high-stakes testing†, has become a topic of debate for many years. â€Å"High-stakes testing† is associated with states that require successful performance on a standardized test for graduation, an â€Å"exit exam†. Is this the trend in public education? As an educator in Connecticut, should I expect â€Å"high-stakes testing† in the future? The State of Connecticut Legislature created a statue (Section 10-14n) that mandates statewide standardized testing for students in 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th grade. The tests assess performance tasks and a set of specific skills, which are aligned with the Connecticut Common Core of Learning and National Standards. Students are evaluated against that set of specific skills, not each other (Connecticut Mastery Test Program Overview 14). In 4th, 6th and 8th grade, students take the Connecticut Mastery Test (CMT) and the Connecticut Academic Performance Test (CAPT) is administered in 10th grade. The movement for standardized testing began in 1985 with the CMT and the testing trend continued with CAPT in 1994. The State of Connecticut touts the purposes of the tests are to monitor student progress, identify students for remediation, to promote accountability and equitability between/within school districts and to improve instruction/curriculum. Until 2001, the tests were not supposed to b e used as tool for promotion or graduation. In the 2001, school districts were mandated to create a specific set of criteria for graduation, with CAPT as one component but not the sole component (Connecticut Assessment Performance Test Overview 8). If the trend continues, Connecticut will have â€Å"... ...ment of Education. 2003. Connecticut Assessment Performance Test Program Overview. Dec. 2004 ct.us/public/der/s-t/testing/capt/2004_capt_program_overview.pdf>. Connecticut State Department of Education. 2003. Connecticut Mastery Test Program Overview. Dec. 2004 /s-t/testing/ cmt/cmt_program_overview_may_2004.pdf>. Connecticut State Department of Education. 2003. Strategic School Profile. Dec. 2004 . McMillan, James H. The Relationship Between Instructional ad Classroom Assessment Practices of Elementary Teachers and Student Scores on High-Stakes Test. Jan. 2003. Virginia Commonwealth University. Dec. 2004 storage_01/0000000b/80/28/04/d0.pdf>.

A Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Research Essay -- Article Analysis

Described below is a critical appraisal of a qualitative article by Lisa Booth using the frame-work suggested by Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin 2007 to establish its believability, robustness, credibility and integrity (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007). Qualitative research is regarded as an inductive process, which within natural settings attempts to produce insights on the subjective experiences, meanings, practices and point of views of those involved (Craig & Smyth, 2007). The aim here was to investigate factors influencing the communication styles used by the radiographers, therefore, allowing a better understanding to patient-centred care within diagnostic radiography. The title was well formulated and unambiguous, however, why a more precise title of "diagnostic radiographer-patient relationship" was not selected is unclear as the study incorporated diagnostic radiographers only (Dawson, 2002). The article had appropriate citations except the researcher's qualification and designation, which otherwise indicate the degree of knowledge in the field (Ryan et al, 2007). Included was the 'Keyword' section facilitating retrieving of the search by those interested (Hart, 2001). Its publication in a peer-reviewed journal allowed scrutiny from suitable experts, thus making more valid and original. In contrast, to a non peer-reviewed journal where high chances of information being flawed cannot be denied (Holloway & Wheeler, 2002)? Losing the relevance of the information was not a threat as it was published within the optimum time (Hart, 2001). Abstract is a condensed version of the full report; this was well formulated by using headings instead of single paragraph style, thus looked uncluttered (Macnee, 2004). The purpose had c... ...the data did not involve member checking thus reducing its robustness and enable to exclude researcher’s bias. Although a constant comparative method was evident in the discussion which improved the plausibility of the final findings. Themes identified were well corroborated but not declared was anytime a point of theoretical saturation ï‚ ¯Thus, the published report was found to be particularly strong in the area of believability and dependability; less strong in the area of transferability; and is weak in the area of credibility and confirmability, although, editorial limitations can be a barrier in providing a detailed account (Craig & Smyth, 2007; Ryan, Coughlan, & Cronin, 2007). Works Cited Ryan, F., Couglan, M. & Cronin, P. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 2: qualitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16(12), 738-744.

Ap Us History Dbq on Puritans

AP ® United States History 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves seven million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,800 colleges through major programs and services in college readiness, college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid and enrollment.Among its widely recognized programs are the SAT ®, the PSAT/NMSQT ®, the Advanced Placement Program ® (AP ®), SpringBoard ® and ACCUPLACER ®. The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities and concerns.  © 2010 The College Board. College Board, ACCUPLACER, Advanced Placement Program, AP , AP Central, SAT, SpringBoard and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board.Admitted Class Evaluation Service is a trademark owned by the College Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: www. collegeboard. com/inquiry/cbpermit. html. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral. ollegeboard. com. 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part A (Suggested writing time—45 minutes) Percent of Section II score—45 Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of Documents A-J and your knowledge of the period referred to in the ques tion. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period. 1.In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? Document A Source: John Winthrop, â€Å"A Modell of Christian Charity,† 1630. . . . wee must be knitt together, in this worke, as one man. Wee must entertaine each other in brotherly affection. Wee must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others’ necessities. Wee must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekeness, gentlenes, patience and liberality.Wee must delight in eache other; make other’s conditions our owne; rejoice together, mourne together, labour and suffer together, always haueving before our eyes our commission and community in the worke, as members of the same body. . . . The eies [eyes] of all p eople are upon us. Soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our God in this worke wee have undertaken, and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -2- 010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document B  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -3- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document C Source: The Enlarged Salem Covenant of 1636. In public or private, we will willingly do nothing to the offence of the church . . . We bind our selves to study the advancement of the gospel in all truth and peace; both in regard of those that are within or without [church membership] . . . not laying a stumbling block before any, no, not the Indians, whose good we desire to promote . . We do hereby promis e to carry our selves in all lawful obedience to those that are over us, in Church or Commonwealth, knowing how well pleasing it will be to the Lord . . . We resolve to approve our selves to the Lord in our particular callings; shunning idleness as the bane of any state; nor will we deal hardly or oppressingly with any, wherein we are the Lord's stewards. Promising also unto our best ability to teach our children and servants the knowledge of God, and of His Will, that they may serve Him also; and all this not by any strength of our own, but by the Lord Christ . . Document D Source: William Bradford, after the colonists’ attack on the Pequot’s Mystic River village, 1637. It was a fearful sight to see them thus frying in the fire, and the streams of blood quenching the same; and horrible was the stink and scent thereof; but the victory seemed a sweet sacrifice, and they gave the praise thereof to God, who had wrought so wonderfully for them, thus to enclose their enemie s in their hands, and give them so speedy a victory over so proud, insulting, and blasphemous an enemy.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. ollegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -4- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document E Source: A statement about education in New England, 1643. After God had carried us safe to New England, and wee had builded our houses, provided necessaries for our livelihood, rear’d convenient places for Gods worship, and settled the Civil Government: One of the next things we longed for, and looked after was to advance Learning, and perpetuate it to Posterity; dreading to leave an illiterate Ministery to the Churches, when our present Ministers shall lie in the Dust.And as wee were thinking and consulting how to effect this great Work; it pleased God to stir up the heart of one Mr. Harvard . . . Document F Source: Roger Williams, â€Å"A Plea for Religious Liberty,† 1644. God requir eth not a uniformity of religion to be enacted and enforced in any civil state; which enforced uniformity sooner or later is the greatest occasion of civil war, ravishing of conscience, persecution of Christ Jesus in his servants, and of the hypocrisy and destruction of millions of souls.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 5- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document G Source: Nathaniel Ward, The Simple Cobbler of Aggawam, 1647. He that is willing to tolerate any religion, or discrepant way of religion, besides his own, unless it be in matters merely indifferent, either doubts of his own or is not sincere in it. . . . That state that will give liberty of conscience in matters of religion, must give liberty of conscience and conversation in their moral laws, or else the fiddle will be out of tune, and some of the strings crack. Document H Source: John Cotton, â€Å"Limitation of Go vernment,† 1655.Let all the world learn to give mortal men no greater power than they are content they shall use— for use it they will. And unless they be better taught of God, they will use it ever and anon. . . . No man would think what desperate deceit and wickedness there is in the hearts of men. It is therefore most wholesome for magistrates and officers in church and commonwealth never to affect more liberty and authority than will do them good, and the people good: for whatever transcendent power is given will certainly overrun those that give it and those that receive it. . . It is therefore fit for every man to be studious of the bounds which the Lord hath set: and for the people, in whom fundamentally all power lies, to give as much power as God in His word gives to men. . . . So let there be due bounds set—and I may apply it to families: it is good for the wife to acknowledge all power and authority to the husband . . . And so for children and servants , or any other you are to deal with: give them liberty and authority you would have them use, and beyond that stretch not the tether; it will not tend to their good nor yours.  © 2010 The College Board.Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Document I Source: Robert Keayne, in his last will and testament, 1653. [My account books] . . . testify to the world on my behalfe that I have not lived an idle, lazie or dronish life nor spent my time wantonly, fruitlessly or in company keeping as some have beene too ready to asperse [criticize] me or that I have had in my whole time either in Old England or New, many spare houres to spend unprofitably away or to refreshe myself with recreations . . but have rather studyed and endeavored to redeeme my time as a thing most deare and precyous to me and have often denyed myself in such refreshings that otherwise I might lawfully have made u se of. Document J Source: John Higginson, â€Å"The Cause of God and His People in New England,† 1662. My Fathers and Brethren, this is never to be forgotten that New England is originally a plantation of Religion, not a Plantation of Trade. Let merchants and such as are increasing Cent per Cent remember this. . . . that worldly gain was not the end and designe of the people of New England, but Religion.END OF DOCUMENTS FOR QUESTION 1  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part B and Part C (Suggested total planning and writing time—70 minutes) Percent of Section II score—55 Part B Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your argu ments clearly and logically. 2.Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861.  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 2010 AP ® UNITED STATES HISTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Part C Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing your answer.Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments clearly and logically. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following. Politics Social conditions Labor and working conditions 5. Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985. Suburbanization The growth of the Sun Belt Immigration to the United States STOP END OF EXAM  © 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. -9-

Dota Addiction

What is Dota? Dota or Defense of the ancient is a custom scenario for the real-time strategy video game Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and it's expansion, Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, based on the â€Å"Aeon of Strife† map for StarCraft. The objective of the scenario is for each team to destroy the opponents' Ancients, heavily guarded structures at opposing corners of the map. Players use powerful units known as heroes, and are assisted by allied heroes and AI-controlled fighters called â€Å"creeps†. As in role-playing games, players level up their hero and use gold to buy equipment during the mission. Does Dota really affect the youth today? Does it help the youth today? Or it corrupts the minds of the youth who are playing this game? Let us look at Dota's advantages and disadvantages. Dota helps the youth who are playing this game to become mentally alert, cooperative, and strategic. It also increases their knowledge in mathematics by computing the gold's, damages, magic and physical reduction present in the game. Indeed, Dota really helps the youth by playing this game. In the other hand, playing this game without time management and priority can lead to irresponsibility. Starting from their responsibilities, the youth spend more time playing this game rather than doing their tasks. Studies were forgotten, students became lazy, and relationships with the family were also affected because of this game. Playing this game also triggers the player to lose his/her temper and values. Why? It simply because of the different languages used during the game or what we called â€Å"Trash talks†. Trash talks such as foul languages can really lose their temper and values. As a result, the both sides will fight against each other. Gamble is also present in this game, the highest bet is 5,000 pesos and the lowest is 300 pesos. Again, money for them is not that important anymore. Many players says that â€Å"Dota is the best past time ever,† so it's OK for them to waste their money. Due to playing, eating is irrelevant; the satisfaction they get from playing is the same as the satisfaction they get from eating. As a result, the body's immune systems are getting weaker and now expose the different viruses and diseases. All in all, Dota really affects the life style of the youth who are in to this game, although it has one good benefit, but it corrupts the mind and the way the youth think. It also weakened the body system, money and moral values were not given importance because of this game.

Assignment Unit 5

Unit 1 Assignment E1: The main three different types of settings which are provided with care and education for all children in my area are, firstly the statutory area would be†¦. , because it is funded by the government, so they didn’t want to play for their children to go to a private school. Secondly the voluntary sector in my area are mainly activities like sports/ football teams and playschools and afterschool clubs where you donate money but none of the staff get paid any money because they volunteered to help run and work for it.Finally, there can be very few private schools in my area because people disagree to pay for their child’s education instead of it being funded by the government and so there aren’t many private schools in my area but one near my area †¦.. is the main private school which a lot of people know around by my area. E2: The way in which the types of setting from E1 has aims to support children and their families are; Statutory settings can help families is they can’t afford much so this way the government is funding for them so their children can still go to school with no big price to get the child’s education complete for their stages.On the other hand private settings are the opposite where the families pay for their children to get their education, and they are not funded by the government, the children are paid to go to private schools so they can get a better education. And voluntary settings are helping by getting everyone involved and by raising money for schools or other charities. E3: The main legislations in our country that supports the rights of children are the Human Rights Act and the UN Convention on the Rights Of The Child.The Human Rights Act helps to protect all of us and children and gives us our own right within ourselves so we can have our own opinions and to avoid discrimination. Whereas the UN Convention on the Rights Of The Child supports the rights of children by s tating what each child has the right to do in life, also by getting the whole world involved to show that everyone has a right to, for example, ‘You have the right to give your opinion, and for adults to listen and take it seriously. http://www. unicef. org. /crc/index. 30229. html E4:The recognised principles and values that underpin working with children on the Early Years Foundation Stage the CACHE statement of value and the foundation phase framework are; A Unique Child, Positive relationships, Enabling Environment, and Learning and development. The principles for ‘A Unique Child’ are all about being a competent learner from birth who can be resilient, capable, confident and self-assured. Positive relationships describe that every child can learn to be strong and independent from a base of loving and secure relationships with parents and a key person.Enabling environment describes how the environment can play a key role in supporting and extending childrenâ₠¬â„¢s development and learning. Learning and development describes that children develop and learn in different ways and at different rates, all areas of learning and development and equally important and inter-connected. The values that underpin working with children are most importantly putting the children first by ensuring the child’s welfare and safety to keep them safe from any harm as possible, showing compassion and sensitivity so this way they may respect you and treat you fairly.Respecting the child as an individual, meaning to treat them each the way they would want to be treated and respect each of the children’s different needs upholding the child’s rights and dignity, enabling the child to achieve their full learning potential. Also never use physical punishment, this is because as an early years practitioner the only way to punish the child civilly is to get down to their height and make eye contact and tell them off gently when you a TA as an ear ly years practitioner.Another big one is to respect the parent, or those in a parenting role, as the primary carer and educator of the child this way you can earn their trust. Honour the confidentiality of information relating to the child and their family, unless its disclosure is required by law or is in the best interest of the child. http://www. EYFS. co. uk Uphold CACHE’s equality and diversity statement. And finally respect the customs, values and beliefs of the child and their family and also respect the contribution of staff in the childcare and education field and other professions with whom they may be involved.E5: Diversity means to be unique and to be your own person and this shows the importance of valuing and respects all children in the setting in the setting of the early year’s practitioner. The reason why Early Years practitioners should listen to children’s views and values their opinions because we need to listen to their needs because they kn ow more about their needs and views, this way we can respect their needs more, this is linked to child centred approach. Also it all counts with the main 3 C’s, Communication, Confidence, and Choice. E6:Three professional skills that will support your work with children are being a good listener so that you can join in with the group discussions and also it’s important to become a good listener because when in a working placement you will need to listen to the rules and regulations in a team so that you can follow your orders and follow the correct rules also you need to listen about what each of the child’s needs are so this way you can support the child. For example if a child has a certain allergy or has diabetes, then you need to understand what they need each day.Another professional skill you may need to support your work with children can be to have good communication towards the children and especially your team, this is important because you need to com municate well with your team members and also because you need to communicate well with your team members because you need to communicate well with the children also because for example if a child in your class can’t speak English then you need to communicate easily and slowly and make eye contact to them so that they can easily understand what you are saying and also this could develop their English more.Also communication towards your supervisor and manager is highly important because if you suddenly notice a child is acting strangely or different then you need to have good communication skills to be able to report this to the supervisor or manager. Finally another professional skill you could need that will support your work with children can be confidence. You need the confidence to actually work in a team and co-operating well in a team and to be able to ask questions to learn more about what you have to learn about being a early years practitioner and to learn to report things.If you don’t have confidence then the children will see it in your body language and facial expressions and take advantage of you and make it harder if they see you don’t have the confidence and the team/supervisor/ or manager will do the same. So you need confidence to stay strong when working in the placement, also if you have confidence then the children will respect you and they will see that you can be confident when working and communicating with them to they can still be confident with you. E7:Study skills can support your learning during your training because there are so many study skills which different people prefer to help them to revise or learn. Firstly some or most people do note taking, for example they do short simple sentences to help them to remember they key points in the topic. But when doing this make sure you understand what you have written down. Highlighting is the most common study skill which people use to revise or remember things. T hey do this to show what the main points they need to know from the topic is.Also using different inks or colours of high lighters can make the page stand out more so when you’re coming to revising that topic it will stand out to you and catch your eye so this way you can only notice and pay attention to these main points. Listening to calm or gentle music is not a common one but some people like it because it makes them feel all relaxed, but I think a lot of people prefer revising or studying in a room which suits them and makes them feel relaxed and safe.Like for example, I enjoy being in a quiet room because I don’t like getting distracted. Also they like to be equipped so surrounded by sticky notes with information on and books and the internet to collect data or other information, The main one is to take your time, because if you rush then you’ll make yourself panic which will put you off the subject and make you less concentrated. You need to use your time wisely and not put yourself under pressure. D1:Some reasons why the practitioner should develop and maintain appropriate relationships with parents and other professionals because one reason should include meeting each of the children’s needs because they need to know what each child is aiming for when in school or nurseries, the way to meet their needs could be, for example, the practitioner can meet the child’s needs by involving each child and being inclusive with them and they can support each child with their rights by giving them the right education.Other rights to look for are health and shelter, food and water. You need to have good co-operation towards helping your team and involving the children. Trust issues, parents need to trust the one that is supervising their child; otherwise they won’t think of anything positive of you. Warm, trusting relationships with knowledgeable adults support children’s learning more effectively than any amount of resources.The reasons why good relationships are important when coping with transitions is because firstly children will feel more relaxed towards you. Having good communication otherwise the children will suffer. Having bad communication can mean a lot of repetition, meaning important information is lost or easily forgotten. Children can learn to be strong and independent from a base of loving and secure relationships with parents or a key person.A key person has special responsibilities for working with a small number of children, giving them the reassurance to feel safe and cared for and building relationships with their parents. Also parents and practitioners need to know the needs and care for the child because one day they could be acting differently and become different in their body language or actions for example they could become violent, so to solve this you need to know what goes on at home and how you see their parents act with them, just so you can provide them with mo re care. D2:The characteristics of working in a team with other agencies professional colleagues are, for example to have a good and effective communication using this to show you can listen and follow orders towards helping team because that way it shows good skills and that they can always come to you for help or guidance. Need to have inclusive practice to include everyone. Have effective consistency. To be more efficient and to have belonging also finally is to be your own person. This shows all of the characteristics and benefits of working in a multi-agency team. C:Firstly, the early year’s practitioner should listen to their needs because they know more about their needs and views, this way we can respect their needs more. But always put their needs first before anything. They will also gain a sense of belonging in the setting and realise they are being valued and respected. As a result children may reflect the practitioner’s attitude towards them in the behavio ur towards others. Showing children that they are valued and listening to their views allows them to respect themselves and be more confident, not just in their work but their daily routines too.They will be increasingly open minded and out spoken, therefore making it easier for practitioners to understand a child’s needs and successful providing them. Children should be allowed to have their say and be included in decision making when planning so practitioners can ensure that children have equal opportunities, feeling involved and successful in their learning and play. They should be given activities that suit their interests and strengths. Therefore children would feel a greater sense of achievement when they recognise that their opinions were the source of their success.B: It is important that practitioners understand the limits and boundaries of their role when working with children because you need to understand the policies and procedures, like you may get a policy to h ave acceptable behaviour or the health and safety policy and procedure to give the practitioner and idea of how to act and the know they learn at the placement the easier they can learn about the childcare surroundings and how to act in that surrounding. Also if you some how find it rather difficult to read then you need to tell your tutor or your supervisor.There are four main areas that are important when thinking about the role you need to take as a practitioner and the boundaries: health and safety, managing children's behaviour, child protection and confidentiality. Health and safety is important role and boundary when being a Level 3 early years practitioner because its yours and who evers in charge of a child, it is their responsibility to keep that child safe, so the parents need your trust to take care of that child, for example once all children are in the placement settings you need to make sure that all the doors/gates anywhere they can get out of needs to be shut.Also i f a fire alarm goes off then you need to do a head count or register to make sure that you still have all students in the class all together. Also if you see something in the setting room you are placed in that is not safe or is risky around the child, or when you spot that a child has had an accident then you need to report it to a trained supervisor. Managing children's behaviour means that you need to make sure that you are certain about the settings policy about managing a hild's behaviour problems and where or who you should report it too. You need to be aware of you own actions and take responsibility of you own actions when working with younger children. There can be a big situation when you are playing with a child nicely then getting them too excited which can be encouraging them to become overly distracted when it comes to doing an activity with the class.You don't only need to notice your actions but also how the supervisor or someone who is particularly experienced and s ee how they manage a childs behaviour, you could learn from their method if they have their own method to calm a child down or to settle a child when he/she needs to crack on with an activity. Children could start to feel secure if they have someone managing their behaviour. Child protection is important role and boundary when being a Level 3 early years practitioner because you need to be aware of how to keep children safe and away from abuse.Every single setting will have a child protection policy. Also when you turn up to every setting you will need to be shown and learn how to sign in, also will need to wear a badge to prove who you are to everyone and also will probably find out which situations you will be working in with children. It's very normal that the practitioner should never be alone with a child just to follow the child protection policy, and it is also for your protection too.It is very likely that the practitioners will learn that young children will hug and touch t hem when they need them, but its very unlikely for this to happen with older children, because they are more developed whilst the young children and still developing and growing older, you will learn and see how the other staff react and use a big amount of physical contact with a child. Some practitioners may find that some of the children may tell some information that can concern you, you will need to know at your placement who you need to tell about what you have been told and how to deal with it.Finally, confidentiality is a important role and boundary when doing Level 3 early years practitioner because some information that you are given at a setting will be very confidential that must not be shared with friends or anyone outside of the college. Some examples of information that you need to keep confidential may include the child's family personal life information. If you are not sure whether informtaion in the setting is confidential then you need to ask your supervisor.

By the River by Steven Herrick Essay

Steven Herrick’s work of â€Å"By the river† displays a bildungsroman novel in which harry goes on a journey through life, facing love and loss. Steven Herrick’s verse novel â€Å"By the River† is very successful in conveying the significant ideas about human nature. He uses key themes such as grief, environmental influence and coming of age to explore these ideas. To convey the themes Herrick uses multiple techniques such as imagery, repetition, personification and positive and negative influence throughout his text. Grief is a key theme throughout Herrick’s novel â€Å"By the River† highlighting the suffering and distress from losing a loved one. Herrick explores this theme through the death of Harry Hodby’s mother and his close friend Linda. The first element of grief depicted in the novel is shown through the quotes â€Å"we sit in the tender shade/leave him to share some time with our mother/his wife. Herrick uses collective nouns in this quote to convey the ownership of the mother that not only does it show her titles but also it shows the roles within their lives. Herrick then uses personification to describe the â€Å"tender shade† and how it has a positive connotation displaying his positive outlook on grief. A second element that is depicted throughout Herrick’s novel is shown in the quote â€Å"and dad/alone in the kitchen/stirring his tea/until it was cold in the cup† Herrick uses imagery in this quote to display the numbness in his life. By using the theme grief we clearly see the ideas about human nature and how they can have a positive and negative outlook on life. Steven Herrick explores the idea that environment can define who you are. Herrick uses imagery to show the impact of setting on Harry. He shows Harry’s confusion in the first poem â€Å"The Colour of My Town. † Harry shows us the effects the environment of the place he has grown up in has had on his identity. And example of this would be â€Å"after listening to all these ugly little voices, I want to run away†. Herrick personifies the voices creating the impression that the voices has an effect over Harry making it hard for him to chose certain decisions that would shape parts of his life. Also the use of depressive connotations like squashed and dead in â€Å"A dead snake, cane toads squash flat, nothing that lives, and nothing that shines†. Herrick uses this theme to create a sense of the environmental effect on Harry Hodby’s identity, and to show the significant ideas about human nature. Coming of age is another major theme throughout Herrick’s novel â€Å"By the River†. In this novel we see Harry go on a journey through childhood to adolescence experiencing various changes and pleasures of life in a country town. In the quote â€Å"I see clearly now/which part of me/is my dads/the part inside/the good part/the part that knows/Johnny Barlow/Linda/the ring/the white cross† Herrick uses a list method and lists multiple things to show how much Harry has taken in over time and realized what has actually happened throughout his journey. This shows his change from child to adolescence. Herrick uses the repetition of the word â€Å"part† to emphasise to his readers that Harry has finally found the part of him, which belongs to his dad. Coming of age is a very important theme in this novel and expresses very significant ideas about human nature. Herrick was very successful in conveying the key elements of human nature by expressing them through the themes, grief, environmental influence and coming of age. The poetic techniques Herrick used to explore these themes are clearly shown throughout his verse novel â€Å"By the River†. As an audience we watch Harry Hodby go from child to adolescence and observe the various changes of life in a country town.

Islam in the Malay world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Islam in the Malay world - Essay Example The laws of the shariah are present in all aspects of their lives and are heavily relied on within the 33 local governments found in Indonesia. In Ache particularly, Islam is has taken a greater hold on the people since the shariah laws have been emphasized much in books and the reintroduction of these laws within special Shariah courts. They are strictly followed to ensure they have a firm hold on the strictest aspect of the way of life led by an individual. This also includes the women who at all angles viewed take a heavier toll of the requirements of the shariah laws that have been known to discriminate against women. Shariah can be defined as the all encircling and in-transmutable system of Islamic jurisprudence found within the Koran and the Sunnah. A characteristic of the shariah is that it covers all aspects of life including how to observe hygiene, the roles performed by different members of the family, relationships between man and God, daily living, social order and behavi or, how to relate to other Muslims, religious obligations and directions on how to live with the non Muslims among other things related to ways of living. In the light of the significance of the shariah to the lives of the Muslims, we find that the shariah makes a big part of their lives influencing the way the people behave, relate with each other as Muslims or with non-Muslims, take up their daily roles etc. women in Indonesia also keep their way of behavior in line with the requirements of the Shariah. Apparently, the shariah have been quite discriminatory on the side of the women. The women on the other hand are feeling the pinch and are reacting to the oppressive laws in different ways. The following essay will lie in the limelight the effect shariah law have on the women who live in Ache Indonesia. It will also show how the women here negotiate their political

The Evolution Of The Individual In Hitchcocks Films Assignment

The Evolution Of The Individual In Hitchcocks Films - Assignment Example He took a similar story of false identity in North By Northwest and made a film that was much more lighthearted. Lifeboat and The Wrong Man showed how life could be tolerated and obstacles overcome through the strength of the community and the unity of the family. North By Northwest shows no concern for either of those themes and instead reveals how the individual can overcome even the most dangerous and helpless situation with wit and ingenuity. Lifeboat is the story of a varied group of survivors huddled on a boat after their ship was sunk. In his review when the film was released in 1944, Bosley Crowther in the New York Times describes the storyline of Lifeboat as â€Å"a theme which is startling in its broad implications, especially in this critical time.† Much as the country and all allied forces needed to pull together to win the great conflict, so, too, did the people on the boat have to sublimate their personal interests and prejudices to survive their ordeal. The group of survivors could not be more diverse. There were differences in age, gender, race, wealth, sophistication, even political belief. The whole group eventually learned to work together to overwhelm Willy, the one German on the boat. They acted like â€Å"a pack of wild dogs,† according to Francois Truffaut.   As the story progressed, the survivors on the boat changed to support the group. The most notable example of this was the character of Connie, a society columnist. The word snooty could be used to describe her attitude through most of the picture. But as Truffaut mentioned to Hitchcock during their discussions, â€Å"She becomes a human person. She abandons her accessories for the effort.† She gives up an expensive bracelet she was wearing to help lure a fish so that everyone can eat.

The Romantic Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Romantic Movement - Essay Example The lofty ideals of democracy asserted the value of individuals, regardless of class, and education. Of course, these values primarily applied to white males. In fact, tensions were building which cried out for creative release. Inequality, not equality was the rule for many, especially women and slaves. The clash of these realities with the idealistic rhetoric led writers to take extremes, championing individualism yet also seeing the darker sides of a fragmenting society (Woodlief). This is the important background within which all of the following writers worked. These writers made a lasting impact that we should all be grateful for. In the course of this essay I will briefly describe each of the following famous writers. Longfellow was one of the most famous poets of his age. He came to represent what was best about New England romanticism. One of Longfellow's main talents was romanticizing the past. He was very knowledgeable about American history and wrote poems that brought th e Revolution to life. Poems about people like Paul Revere and the poor Acadian girl Evangeline quickly became famous. He showed people the past in a way they had never seen it before, even if it was sometimes a bit sentimental. His work reached a large audience in his day. Like many Romantics, he recognized his calling from an early age, writing to his father as a boy: â€Å"I will not disguise it in the least... the fact is, I most eagerly aspire after future eminence in literature, my whole soul burns most ardently after it, and every earthly thought centres in it... I am almost confident in believing, that if I can ever rise in the world it must be by the exercise of my talents in the wide field of literature† (Arvin, 13). Bryant had a very long career, but much of his work was derivative of European writers. Unlike Whitman, who was wholly original and American, much of Bryant's work has not lasted as it was not much better than some of the minor British poets of the perio d. He did however, have a fan in Edgar Allen Poe, who once wrote of his work: â€Å"The rhythmical flow, here, is even voluptuous—nothing could be more melodious. The intense melancholy which seems to well up, perforce, to the surface of all the poet's cheerful sayings about his grave, we find thrilling us to the soul—while there is the truest poetic elevation in the thrill... the impression left is one of a pleasurable sadness† (Sova, 37). Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of the most popular and best selling authors of her day. She made her name with a singular novel—Uncle Tom's Cabin—which has been considered one of the most influential books ever written. In keeping with Enlightenment ideals, which were very prominent at the time, Stowe took on the issue of slavery, presenting a fully formed and human African American man as her novel's main character. She drew many of her ideas from things she had observed first hand in the America of the day. Dou glass was one of the first African American men of letters. He was an excellent chronicler of black life in America and became a prominent figure in the fight against slavery. He travelled the country giving speeches and explaining how all people should be equal, as one of the most prominent orators of his age (Gatewood). One element of romanticism especially espoused by him was to end corrupt hierarchies. He believed that by nature all people were